SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION IN IOT-BASED SMART HOME SYSTEMS

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices within smart home environments has transformed residential infrastructures into highly interconnected cyber-physical ecosystems. Smart thermostats, surveillance cameras, smart locks, lighting systems, voice assistants, and wearable health devices continuously generate and transmit sensitive data across heterogeneous communication protocols. While these advancements enhance automation, energy efficiency, and user convenience, they simultaneously introduce severe security vulnerabilities, particularly in data transmission layers. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of secure data transmission mechanisms in IoT-based smart home systems. It examines communication architectures, identifies prevalent threat models, evaluates cryptographic frameworks, and proposes a layered security model integrating lightweight encryption, mutual authentication, intrusion detection, and blockchain-based integrity verification. Performance tradeoffs between security strength, latency, computational overhead, and energy consumption are analyzed using benchmark data from pre-2018 IoT security studies. The proposed secure transmission framework demonstrates improved resistance against man-in-the-middle (MITM), replay, spoofing, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks while maintaining energy efficiency within constrained IoT environments. This study contributes toward the development of resilient smart home infrastructures capable of sustaining secure real-time communication under resource limitations.